Rifampin in Review

While resistance has limited the use of rifampin alone, it is useful in combination with other antibiotics for a variety of bacterial infections, e.g., streptococcal, staphylococcal or H. influenzae type b. The FDA approved its use to treat tuberculosis (in combination therapy) and to eradicate Neisseria meningitides in asymptomatic carriers. Rifampin is used for post-exposure prophylaxis for household or close (child care) contact with a case of invasive H. influenzae or meningococcal infection.

Rifampin acts by disrupting protein synthesis through inhibiting DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in susceptible bacteria. It is generally well tolerated for short-term use, but has the potential for significant adverse effects, and many drug interactions (rifampin can reduce serum concentrations of other medications) are documented.

(Buck M. Pediatr Pharmacotherapy 2004;10(11):1-4) —J.O